Glossary for Some GGU-Model Terms
ANAMORPHOSIS PROCESS. A process that takes place after the intermediate or
minimum metamorphic effect. This process distorts the original
electromagnetic or particle radiation so that observations taken after the time
fracture cannot give any information about the condition of our universe prior
to the time fracture.
CONSEQUENCE OPERATOR (FINITE). This is an abstract mathematical object that satisfies three axioms for a logic-system. Every general logic-system corresponds to a consequence operator and conversely. In the GGU-model, these operators mirror physical processes that produce and control the behavior of every natural-system within a universe, as well as producing a universe itself.
CONSEQUENCES. This is the result of applying a consequence operator to a specific set of images.
COVIRTUAL. This is a term used for certain specific substratum objects. As a modifier the term can be individually defined. One difference between the covirtual and such things as quantum physical virtual processes and entities is that the covirtual takes place in the subquantum or pure NSP-world whereas the virtual is assumed by many to occur within a quantum-physics world within our universe.
COVIRTUAL UNIVERSE. Collections of photons are defined as being directly observable. Virtual photons are not directly observable and they mediate or produce physical effects that are directly observable. Evidence for their existence is indirect. Also, such photons form a proper subset of a natural-system. A covirtual universe reverses this behavior in that it is not directly observable as an entire entity, produces a physical universe, and essential contains a physical universe as a proper subset. Further, evidence for its existence is indirect.
DEDUCTION = INFER. For logic-systems, this is the process of obtaining a result by applying a logic-system to a set of images (hypotheses).
DEDUCTIONS = CONCLUSIONS = CONSEQUENCES.
DEDUCTIVE WORLD MODEL (D-WORLD MODEL). This is the mathematical structure, the extended G-structure, interpreted linguistically.
DESCRIPTION. A combination of symbol strings that when considered by an individual yields mental or sensory impressions. In the GGU-model, it is usually considered as all the sensory specific information that can be known by humankind about a natural-system. However, there are objects that behave like descriptions and we can have no detailed knowledge as to their composition.
DEVELOPING NATURAL-SYSTEM. A natural-system that is altered in some identifiable manner with respect to observer or primitive time.
DEVELOPMENTAL PARADIGM. This is a sequence of broadly defined descriptions or images for the moment-to-moment behavior of a natural-system. It corresponds in a one-to-one manner with the members of an event sequence.
EFFECT. A described and named phenomenon, usually natural or ultranatural, that is closely associated with a specific cause. It is the claimed result of the cause. As with the concept of a cause, what is considered as an effect of a cause need not be based upon any verification, especially where other effects not so accepted can be considered as resulting from the same cause. The symbol string that names an effect is taken from a list of symbol strings categorized as effects.
EVENT. This is a natural or ultranatural phenomenon that is being described by a string of standard or nonstandard symbols or images.
EVENT SEQUENCE. A primitive time ordered collection of events, a sequence, formed when each member of a developmental paradigm is related to a specific event.
GGU-MODEL. An abbreviation for the phrase ``General Grand Unification Model.'' This is a collection of statements written in a physical-like language that gives a description for processes and objects that exist logically in the NSP-world and that produce universes or alter their development. The GGU-model can also be used for other purposes.
GRUNLEGEND STRUCTURE (G-STRUCTURE). The basic mathematical structure used for both the D-world and GGU-models.
HYPERFAST. These are predicted NSP-world subparticles that can transmit information instantaneously, from the observer (standard) time viewpoint, throughout and between universes.
HYPERFINITE (FINITE-LIKE), HYPERFINITE CHOICE (SELECTION). This is a NSP-world process. First, express in a formal mathematical manner all of the properties for a finite set and the finite choice process applied to a collection of finite sets. In the nonstandard world, all of these same properties hold, when properly interpreted, for various sets. Indeed, when restricted to the natural world, the hyperfinite and hyperfinite choice is equivalent to ordinary finite and finite choice, respectively. However, in many cases, additional non-finite set properties hold for such objects when view from the NSP-world. Due to how the definitions are stated, the ordinary finite and finite choice are considered as part of the hyperfinite.
HYPERFINITE ORDERED CHOICE. This is the process within the NSP-world that mimics the standard process of taking a finite set of objects and then placing the objects in some specific order.
IMAGE. This signifies a set of digitized information that yields, after decoding, (human) sensory activity or mental imaginary. It "represents" such activity. It is tacitly assume that this digitized information is associated with an appropriate "translator," which is a specific decoding process.
IN-PROCESS. See intrinsic natural process.
INDIRECT VERIFICATION. A portion of a so-called scientific method that claims that the existence of entities and processes that cannot be sensed by human beings directly can be inferred from predicted events that can be directly sensed by human beings or their machines.
INFANT. See subparticle.
INFINITESIMAL. A mathematical entity that is used to measure physical behavior. Originally, such measures were thought to exist in reality. Then, when contradictions occurred, although still used, they became physical parameters or catalysts. But, today, since the contradictions have been removed, they can once again be interpreted as measures for real physical entities.
INFORMATIONAL TRANSMISSIONS. These occur when special natural or ultranatural entities are used to give certain special information to other natural or ultranatural entities. The methods by which such information is shared may be unknown.
INTERMEDIATE SUBPARTICLE. This is a combination of ultrasubparticles that yields a single basic characteristic for a quantum-physical particle within our universe. It is generated by an ultralogic applied to an ultramixture.
INTRINSIC NATURAL PROCESS. These are natural processes that are hidden from direct observation and that mirror certain specific human mental processes.
INTRINSIC ULTRANATURAL PROCESS. These are processes within the NSP-world that when restricted to the natural world become intrinsic natural processes.
INTRINSIC ULTRANATURAL SELECTION. This is the process within the NSP-world that when restricted to the natural world mirrors the human procedure of selecting finitely many objects from a collection of objects. This is hyperfinite choice with the emphasis on its intrinsic character.
IUN-PROCESS. An abbreviation for the phrase ``intrinsic ultranatural process.''
IUN-SELECTION. An abbreviation for the phrase ``intrinsic ultranatural selection.''
LIBRARY. This is a set of universes obtained from a single master universe.
LINGUISTIC INTERPRETATION. A correspondence between certain processes and objects used within or associated with the science of linguistics, and a special mathematical structure - the extended G-structure.
LOGIC COMPUTER. A computer that can take a finite collection of statements and using a specific program (i.e. set of rules) produce the same written statements that can be produced by the human mind using the same set of rules.
LOGIC-SYSTEMS. These are specifically defined and fixed procedures to obtain results by the mental processes termed induction or deduction. These procedures may be somewhat vague but are assumed to be, at least, implicit and accepted by all members of a science-community. These procedures are modeled formally by general rules of inference as applied to the algorithm that appears in many of my publications. The most recent can be found on pages 2 and 3 of http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0603573
MASTER UNIVERSE. A basic event sequence either designed by an intelligent agent or obtained by random combinations of information.
MAXIMUM PHYSICAL SCENARIO. This is obtained by assigning pure physical-like notions to each of the nonstandard and standard objects used within the GGU-model.
METAMORPHIC. This means a special type of sudden or instantaneous change where such a change is instantaneous only from a natural world viewpoint.
MODEL. This term has many definitions depending on the context. It can mean a theory or even an abstract mathematical object. In the GGU-model context, it might be considered as a theory that is describing behavior or objects that exist. Usually, however, the term refers to a description that is, at the least, partly analogue in character. In the analogue case, the model simply describes general behavior as it is mimicked by the theory processes and objects. For example, there is a physical-like process that yields, when it is applied to a physical-like object, the step-by-step development of every natural-system within our universe. All changes in the characteristics for a natural-system are pre-designed. (This can be considered as an extraneous statement.) Some physical-like processes can appear to be sudden changes within our universe but are highly smooth when viewed from the NSP-world. All changes in the behavior of any natural-system can be considered as produced by a intelligent agent. (This statement can be considered as extraneous.) There is a single type of object that when combined with like objects yields every particle that is listed in a catalog of physical particles.
N-EVENT. An abbreviation for the phrase ``natural event.''
N-OBJECT. An abbreviation for the phrase ``natural object.''
N-PROCESS. An abbreviation for the phrase ``natural process.''
NATURAL EVENT. This is an event that is assumed to take place within our universe or possibly associated universes.
NATURAL INITIAL CONDITIONS. Described conditions that must occur (or must be met) before a natural event can occur. Initial conditions also can differentiate one natural event from another distinct natural event.
NATURAL WORLD (NATURAL-WORLD). These are specifically defined entities or processes relative to our physical universe and, for some theories, relative to other universes. They are specifically defined by various science-communities.
Natural, Nature. In some writings, the capital "N" in Natural, or Nature denotes all of the physical GGU-model. This includes both the defined physical universe in which we dwell, other possible physical universes and all of the substratum portions of the ultranatural world.
NATURAL-SYSTEM. This is a defined collection of named physical objects, the constituents, which are so related as to form an identifiable whole. Specific relations between the constituents are the bases for establishing the behavior of the entire structure.
NONSTANDARD PHYSICAL WORLD MODEL. This is a theory that uses physical-like terms in such a way that each of the physical-like terms corresponds to a term within a mathematical theory. The term nonstandard refers to the special mathematical theory to which the physical-like terms correspond. The GGU-model is a portion of this theory.
NSP-WORLD MODEL. An abbreviation for the phrase ``nonstandard physical world model.''
OBJECTIVE REALITY. This is the assumed reality that exists outside of the mind and, thus, outside of the imagination.
OBSERVER (STANDARD) TIME. Intuitively, it's the "passage of time" we sense as we count our heartbeats. It's the time sense we have relative to the "past" or "future." It's the actual processes or devices, the models, which are defined as time "measuring" devices and even those that pertain to the Aristotelian "motion" correspondence. It's time internal to and dependent upon a specific universe.
PARAMETER. This has various meanings. It can be a catalyst or a quantity which must be known and inserted into a physical theory before that theory will predict natural-system behavior specifically.
PERTURBATION. These are physical disturbances in how a natural-system behaves that are unexpected and, usually, not included as part of a physical theory. Perturbations can cause a theory prediction to be inaccurate. Theories can be extended to include some perturbed behavior.
PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION. Taking data gathered by human beings or machines and associating this data with terms taken from a language that employs terms called physical terms. Physical terms are often assumed to name processes and entities within our universe. This also means the construction of a mathematical model by associating physical terms with abstract mathematical entities.
PHYSICAL-LIKE. This is a process or object that behaves like a process or object within our universe but by definition is not part of our universe.
PHYSICAL THEORY. All of the logically deducible results that one can obtain from a fixed set of statements written in physical terms.
PRE-DESIGNED. Universes can be considered as pre-designed in the sense that they exist in some specific form "prior" to physical realization.
PREDICTION. Another name for a deductive conclusion obtained from physical hypotheses. Sometimes, a conclusion within a physical theory that might be directly measured within a laboratory setting. At other times, such predictions can only be indirectly verified.
PRIMITIVE TIME. Technically, countably many exceptionally small intervals of real or rational numbers are partitioned into denumerable many special subintervals. These are defined as primitive time intervals. The collection of all such subintervals is a sequence of primitive time intervals. This collection of time intervals can be infinitesimalized so as to represent an absolute time notion to which the calculus can be applied. Each member of this sequence of exceptional small primitive time intervals is associated with an object called a frozen segment. The frozen segments are what constitute members of a developmental paradigm and corresponding event sequence.
PURE NSP-WORLD. This is composed of all things that are in the NSP-world and not in the natural world.
REALISM. The selection of entities within a mathematical theory as representing objects that are claimed to exist in reality. Absolute realism is the philosophy that all entities within a mathematical theory correspond to real physical objects.
REALIZATION, REALIZATION PROCESS. This process is modeled by application of the mathematical procedure call the standard part operator. The operator changes covirtual objects into natural world objects.
REDUCTIONISM. The philosophy that all, microscope, macroscopic and large scale physical behavior is produced from a finite collection of physical objects and fundamental interactions that exist and operate on the subatomic level.
SCIENCE-COMMUNITIES. These are groups of individuals who share the same beliefs as to the composition of the natural or the ultranatural worlds. Each such group uses a common list of definitions and a common implied logic-system to discuss natural or ultranatural behavior.
SPECIFIC INFORMATION. A type of primitive notion that is considered as immaterial and characterizes specific "images" and specific "descriptions" that yield images. It is defined by its properties. It is also characterized by relations between meaningful objects as such relations are expressed by consequence operators and other accepted correspondences. Specific information has properties that correlate to encoding of subparticles and how subparticles combine to form objects within a universe.
STANDARD OBJECTS, MATHEMATICS ETC. In the GGU-model, standard mathematics displays the specific results that describe or predict the behavior of the entities that are defined to be part of our universe. The standard entities are those that are specifically defined for our universe. Note: Nonstandard mathematics can be used to obtain these results.
STANDARD (COSMOLOGICAL) MODEL. This is the Big Band model although there are some variations.
STRING OF SYMBOLS. Basically these are but marks that are written down on any appropriate surface. Like the marks that appear between the B and the . of the previous sentence. However, today, this would include almost all forms of human perception since such marks can lead to the replication of much of what we perceive with our senses.
STRUCTURE. A mathematical theory is developed from a structure, where the structure contains specific operators defined on an object and the operators satisfy a set of axioms. It can be considered as simply a different way of expressing the necessary mathematical objects needed to generate a mathematical theory.
SUBJECTIVE. Within the mind or imagination.
SUBNATURAL-SYSTEM. The same meaning as a natural-system except that this type of natural-system is recognized as a portion of another natural system.
SUBPARTICLES. These are pure NSP-world objects that can be shown to exist logically. They have many properties that can be described and many properties that cannot be described. They should not be thought of as particles, however. A better name would be ``things.'' Fundamentally, they can be used to generate universes from specific information.
SUBSTRATUM UNIVERSE. This has the same meaning as a background universe. In general, the term substratum means a declared basic foundation. In this case, this is a basic foundation for universes and, contrary to the general meaning of substratum, the universes are contained in the substratum. Within this substratum world the subparticles exist and the ultranatural processes take place.
SUDDEN CHANGE. Also called abrupt change. These are changes that occur in the behavior in a natural-system that appear to be discontinuous in character. The may appear to occur instantaneously. The change need not be sudden as viewed from the NSP-world.
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE. A language that one learns when one studies a distinct discipline and used for the special concepts within that discipline.
THEORIES OF EVERYTHING. A properly constructed scientific theory that claims to explain, from fundamental processes and objects, the formation and behavior of every natural-system within a universe. In many cases, it only explains the behavior for a defined collection of natural-systems, and it is assumed that it can explain the behavior of natural-systems not in the collection. The GGU-model is the first complete theory of everything that is testable and falsifiable.
THEORY. This is the entire set of conclusions that can be deduced logically from a set of premises.
TIME FRACTURE. A specific moment during the development of a natural system when natural (observer) time, if it existed prior to this moment, is suspended and processes within the NSP-world alter the development of such a natural system. (Note that such a specific moment can also correspond to a specific temperature or other similar parameter.) This NSP-world process takes place during allowable NSP-world primitive time. If there is no natural (observer) time reference for the fracture, then this fracture is called an ultra-fracture and if it is within an ordered sequence of events, then it corresponds to a specific universal event number.
THING. See subparticle.
ULTIMATE ULTRAMIXTURE. This is the ultraword that generates by application of an ultralogic a particle or elementary particle.
ULTIMATE ULTRAWORD. A single object that exists logically within the NSP-world and that is used to form all of the natural-systems that comprise an entire universe or universes.
ULTRA. A prefix used to distinguish NSP-world processes and objects from similar sounding natural world processes or objects. However, each of the objects or processes so distinguished does have one or more properties in common with the process or object named by the term following the prefix ultra.
ULTRAFAST. This is a characterization associated with certain pure NSP-world subparticles. This characterization indicates that such subparticles can traverse, within the NSP-world, from one point within our universe to any other point within our universe or other universes without expending any natural time.
ULTRAFINITE. This is the hyperfinite but restricted to ultramixtures, intermediate subparticle formation and particle formation, in general.
ULTRALOGICS. These are the force-like NSP-world processes that when applied to an ultraword produce any natural-system including an entire universe. They also produce changes in a natural-system such as a natural system's step-by-step primitive time development. They produce subparticle combinations and many other natural-system behavioral features such as any probabilistic behavior.
ULTRAMIXTURE. This is the ultraword that generates, by application an ultralogic, an intermediate subparticle.
ULTRANATURAL EVENT. An event that takes place within the pure NSP-world. This event, usually, affects indirectly natural events. Detailed information about such events cannot be described in any language used by any entity within the natural universe.
ULTRANATURAL INITIAL CONDITIONS. The same as natural initial conditions, but these conditions must be met within the pure NSP-world.
ULTRANATURAL LAWS. This term has the same meaning as the expression natural laws. But these processes take place within the pure NSP-world. Usually, they cannot be expressed in any language or imagery constructed by any physical object within a universe.
ULTRANATURAL PROCESSES. These are specifically defined processes that take place within the NSP-world. The processes are modeled by specific mathematical operators and defined procedures. They include the intrinsic ultranatural processes.
ULTRANATURAL OBJECT. An object which is contained in the NSP-world.
ULTRASUBPARTICLES. These are entities within the GGU-model that are essentially of a single type. These entities can be used to construct all of the particle constituents of a physical universe, including ``empty'' space, by means of a simple finite-like ``gathering together'' process.
ULTRASMOOTH. A process that can be characterized by the smooth pattern of the "curved portion" of the diagram ~. However, this process would still appear to have such a smooth pattern even if viewed through a microscope of infinite power.
ULTRAUNIFORM. An extremely fine step-by-step process that is so fine that it would not appear to be broken into disjoint pieces even if viewed through a microscope of infinite power.
ULTRAWORD. An unusual object that exists logically within the NSP-world and contains all of the specific information that controls the formation, the properties and development of a specific natural-system. It is this object that a specific ultralogic acts upon to produce a natural-system. Theses can also correspond to a standard object in some cases.
UN-EVENT. Abbreviation for the phrase ``ultranatural event.''
UN-LAWS. An abbreviation for the phrase ``ultranatural laws.''
UN-OBJECT. An abbreviation for the phrase ``ultranatural object.''
VIRTUAL (PARTICLE OR PROCESS). These are subatomic objects or processes that many quantum physicists believe exist in reality that mediate interactions between other objects but are not themselves detectable due to the time span over which they exist. Or they can simply be members of a list that states that such and such object or process is virtual relative to a specific interaction. (There are other more technical definitions.)
WORD. This is a technical term used in the construction of the G-structure. It corresponds to a finite collection of symbols or images combined in a specific manner. It is also called a "readable sentences."